Bracketology 3/13

Home stretch here. Let’s look at where things stand. Automatic bids in bold.

  1. Duke, Michigan, Arizona, Florida
  2. Houston, UConn, Iowa State, Illinois
  3. Michigan State, Purdue, Gonzaga, Nebraska
  4. Virginia, Vanderbilt, Kansas, Alabama
  5. Tennessee, St. John’s, Texas Tech, Arkansas
  6. Wisconsin, Louisville, UNC, BYU
  7. Miami FL, St. Mary’s, Clemson, Utah State
  8. Kentucky, Georgia, UCLA, Ohio State
  9. Villanova, St. Louis, Iowa, Texas A&M
  10. TCU, Santa Clara, NC State, VCU
  11. Missouri, Miami OH, UCF, SMU, Texas, South Florida
  12. Akron, McNeese State, Yale, Northern Iowa
  13. High Point, Utah Valley, Hofstra, UC Irvine
  14. Sam Houston, North Dakota State, Wright State, Troy
  15. Idaho, UMBC, Furman, Siena
  16. Queens, Tennessee State, LIU, Howard, Southern, Lehigh

Last Four Byes: Santa Clara, NC State, VCU, Missouri

Last Four In (Dayton-bound): Miami OH, UCF, SMU, Texas

First Three Out: Oklahoma, New Mexico, San Diego State

Not Going to Make It As an At-Large: Everyone else. Sorry Auburn, Indiana, Cincinnati, Stanford, and Virginia Tech.

Bubble Picture

It finally happened. Miami Ohio’s luck ran out. I am inclined to agree with the experts that the committee will put them in the field – but it would not be the shock of my life if they don’t. My guess is they will put them in the First Four in Dayton – sort of an “OK, show us you deserve to be in” thing. That’s what I would do at least.

Here are the things to look for the rest of the weekend:

  • Texas is probably cooked. New Mexico and San Diego State play each other tonight. The winner is going to bump Texas out of the field. The only way I see the Longhorns getting in is if VCU loses today and there are no other bids stolen, and even that would be far from a sure thing.
  • SMU is hanging by a thread. If Oklahoma beats Arkansas tonight, the Sooners will replace the Mustangs in the field.
  • VCU still has the opportunity for a bad loss that would put them in jeopardy. They play Duquesne tonight and then the winner of St. Joe’s-Davidson tomorrow. If they lose either of those, they could be in trouble.
  • Other potential bid stealers: Nevada in the Mountain West, Ole Miss in the SEC, Seton Hall and Georgetown in the Big East, anybody other than St. Louis or VCU in the Atlantic 10.

Bubble Update 3/12

In my post from Monday, I said the following seven teams were near locks, but not quite:

  1. Ohio State
  2. TCU
  3. NC State
  4. Santa Clara
  5. Texas
  6. Missouri
  7. UCF

Since then, six of those teams have confirmed that status. Santa Clara, NC State, UCF, and Missouri are my last four byes. Texas, however, had a bad loss to Ole Miss and now is in danger of missing the tournament.

The other teams that are still relevant are below. Right now there are four spots for these eight teams.

  1. VCU
  2. SMU
  3. Texas
  4. New Mexico
  5. Auburn
  6. San Diego State
  7. Indiana
  8. Oklahoma

VCU is going to be in unless they get upset in the A10 Tournament. Winning one game is probably enough although two wouldn’t hurt.

SMU and Texas have no more games left. All they can do is sit and watch and hope they don’t get passed by teams below them, Auburn and Oklahoma in particular. If Auburn and Oklahoma win today, they will breathe a little easier. But just a little.

New Mexico and San Diego State are likely headed for a semifinal showdown in the Mountain West Tournament. There is a good chance that the winner of that game gets in and the loser does not.

Auburn needs to beat Tennessee today. I think it’s that simple. Win and they’re in, lose and they’re out.

Indiana is on life support with no more games left to improve their position. Their only chance in my estimation is for Auburn, New Mexico, and San Diego State to all stumble.

Oklahoma probably needs two more wins in the SEC Tournament to get in.

Other bubble teams – Cincinnati, Stanford, Virginia Tech, Cal – are out, and with no more games left, have no opportunity to win their way back in.

Bracketology 3/9

The regular season is done and we can take stock of where things stand.

  1. Duke, Michigan, Arizona, Florida
  2. Houston, UConn, Illinois, Michigan State
  3. Nebraska, Iowa State, Purdue, Gonzaga
  4. Vanderbilt, Alabama, Virginia, Kansas
  5. Texas Tech, St. John’s, Arkansas, Tennessee
  6. Wisconsin, Louisville, UNC, St. Mary’s
  7. BYU, Georgia, Miami FL, UCLA
  8. Utah State, Kentucky, Villanova, Texas A&M
  9. Iowa State, Clemson, St. Louis, Ohio State
  10. TCU, NC State, Santa Clara, Texas
  11. Missouri, UCF, VCU, Indiana, SMU, South Florida
  12. Miami OH, McNeese State, Yale, Northern Iowa
  13. High Point, Liberty, Utah Valley, Hofstra
  14. UC Irvine, North Dakota State, Wright State, Troy
  15. Northern Colorado, East Tennessee State, Merrimack, UMBC
  16. Queens, Tennessee State, LIU, Howard, Bethune Cookman, Lehigh

Last Four Byes: NC State, Santa Clara, Texas, Missouri

Last Four In: UCF, VCU, Indiana, SMU

First Four Out: New Mexico, Stanford, Auburn, San Diego State

Next Four Out: Cincinnati, Oklahoma, Virginia Tech, Boise State

Bubble Situation

I’m going to put the bubble teams into three groups. Group 1 are teams that are very likely to make it, I would assess their chances as > 90%, but not 100%. Group 2 are teams that are truly on the bubble, and I wouldn’t be surprised either way. Group 3 are teams that are definitely on the outside looking in right now, but could conceivably win their way in through conference tournaments.

Group 1: Very Likely In, But Not 100%

  1. Ohio State
  2. TCU
  3. NC State
  4. Santa Clara
  5. Texas
  6. Missouri
  7. UCF

Ohio State is 26th in the predictive metrics. That will get them in despite their 3-10 Quad 1 record. TCU has 3 Quad 1-A wins and no major blemishes. NC State certainly has problems with the “eye test”, but their resume is too strong to leave out. Santa Clara could really use a win over St. Mary’s tonight, but I think they will make it even if they lose. Their metrics are good and the committee respects the West Coast Conference. Texas has 6 Quad 1 wins overall and is 37th in the predictive metrics. That will be enough. Missouri has a respectable 5-7 Quad 1 record and no Quad 3/4 losses. UCF is 5-6 against Quad 1, which is a lot better than the teams chasing them. Their 55 ranking in the predictive metrics is cause for concern, but I think they’ve done enough.

Group 2: Could Go Either Way

As of right now, there are 3 bids available for these teams.

  1. VCU
  2. Indiana
  3. SMU
  4. New Mexico
  5. Stanford

VCU has two Quad 1 wins, decent for a mid-major, and no bad losses. Their name recognition as a program can’t hurt. But they sit at 49 in the predictive rankings which is not great. Their best win is against South Florida on a neutral court, which doesn’t sound that great, but they were very competitive in losses against Utah State on a neutral court and at NC State. They also dominated Virginia Tech on a neutral court. I think they’re the best of this lot. Two wins in the A10 should be enough to secure a bid.

What Indiana has to offer are wins over UCLA on the road, Wisconsin, and Purdue, and a 35 ranking in the predictive metrics. It’s not great, but in this group, it might be enough. They would do well to beat the Northwestern/Penn State winner on Wednesday, and if they really want to feel confident, go ahead and beat Purdue on Thursday.

SMU closed out the regular season with maybe their four worst games of the year and find themselves squarely on the bubble. Their metrics are OK. They have home wins over UNC and Louisville, a win at Wake Forest, and a neutral court win over Texas A&M. They lack bad losses. They desperately need to beat Syracuse on Tuesday and Louisville on Wednesday. If they don’t, it’s going to be a coin flip at best.

New Mexico’s resume is very similar to VCU’s, and what’s fascinating is that the Lobos beat the Rams on the road earlier in the season. You can bet there will be an outcry over that if VCU makes it and New Mexico doesn’t. But I think VCU’s resume is just a hair stronger overall. The Lobos have a couple of Quad 3 losses that they would like to have back. They have a chance to boost their resume with a quarterfinal win over Boise State on Thursday. If they lose that game, they’re probably done. If they beat Boise but lose to San Diego State, it will be really close.

Stanford has 5 Quad 1 wins, which is usually enough, but they are dragged down by their 64 ranking in the predictive metrics and three Quad 3 losses. A lot will come down to how much emphasis the committee puts on the metrics. Going off wins and losses alone, the Cardinal have a good case. If they can beat NC State again on Wednesday, it will be hard to keep them out.

Group 3: Out for Now, Could Win Their Way Into an At-Large Bid

  1. Auburn
  2. San Diego State
  3. Cincinnati
  4. Oklahoma
  5. Virginia Tech

Auburn’s main problem is their overall 16-15 record. There has never been an at-large team that was one game over .500, and only one that was two games over .500. There has also never been an at-large team with 16 losses. So for the Tigers to get in, the committee will have to break some precedents. But that could happen, as most 16 loss teams don’t sit in the top 40 in the predictive metrics like the Tigers do. I would think they would at least have to beat Tennessee and Vanderbilt and reach the semis to have a shot.

San Diego State is extremely similar to New Mexico. Same conference, nearly identical record, similar metrics, split their regular season matchups. And if they both win on Thursday, they will face each other in the Mountain West semis on Friday. That could very well be a “win and you’re in, lose and you’re out” game.

Cincinnati’s metrics are good, and they have wins over BYU, Iowa State, and Kansas on the road. But they’ve lost an awful lot of games, including an inexplicable home loss to Eastern Michigan. At a minimum, they have to beat UCF on Wednesday, and my guess is they’ll need at least one more.

Oklahoma has been flying under the bubble radar a bit, but if they could make a mini-run in the SEC Tournament – beating Texas A&M and Arkansas to make the semis, let’s say – I think they could sneak in.

Virginia Tech is a real longshot at this point, but there are plenty of opportunities to bolster their resume in the ACC Tourney. If they beat Wake on Tuesday, Clemson on Wednesday, Carolina on Thursday, and Duke on Friday? Sure, that would probably be enough. Anything short of that, probably not. Beating Carolina on Thursday would at least make them interesting.

Potential Bid-Stealers

Miami OH. Will they make it as an at-large team if they don’t win the MAC Tournament? Their situation is unprecedented and the committee will have their work cut out for them. Their metrics are terrible and they didn’t beat anybody good, literally nobody. There is obviously a lot to be said for going undefeated, but I personally am not confident they will get in.

South Florida has a better resume than Miami in my opinion, but I think they are a little short right now, and unfortunately the American Tourney is not going to give them opportunities to bolster their resume short of winning it. If they lose in the final, it will be close but I think they will fall short.

Bubble Watch 3/5

We are in the home stretch. Most teams have one regular season game remaining followed by their conference tournaments. Time is growing short to impress the committee.

The Bubble Pecking Order

In for Now

  1. Central Florida (at West Virginia)
  2. Missouri (vs. Arkansas)
  3. TCU (vs. Cincinnati)
  4. Santa Clara (MWC Tourney)
  5. SMU (at FSU)
  6. Indiana (at Ohio State)
  7. New Mexico (at Utah State)

Out for Now

  1. Auburn (at Alabama)
  2. Cincinnati (at TCU)
  3. VCU (at Dayton)
  4. San Diego State (vs. UNLV)
  5. South Florida (at Memphis, vs. Charlotte)
  6. Seton Hall (vs. St. John’s)
  7. Virginia Tech (at Virginia)
  8. Oklahoma (at Texas)

Central Florida, Missouri, and TCU are near locks. But a lot of the teams below them have Quad 1 games remaining, so in theory, quite a few teams could leapfrog them. It’s unlikely that enough teams will jump them that they won’t make it, but another win would end all doubt.

Santa Clara is likely headed for a MWC tournament semifinal showdown with St. Mary’s. A win in that game would punch the Broncos’ ticket. If they lose, it is going to depend on what happens with the teams behind them in the pecking order. My guess is that they squeak in.

SMU needs to beat Florida State on Saturday. If they do, they’re probably OK. If they don’t, it will depend on the teams behind them and bid-stealers.

The Indiana / New Mexico / Auburn / Cincinnati group is very close and hard to differentiate. Interestingly, each has a very difficult road game remaining. Auburn is perhaps the easiest to diagnose. If they win at Alabama, they’ll make the field. If they don’t, they’ll be 16-15 and I don’t see the committee putting them in without a deep SEC Tourney run. Indiana and New Mexico will probably be in if they win, and are not necessarily out if they lose. Cincinnati needs a win, and maybe more.

VCU has to beat Dayton to remain in the conversation. Their best chance is to be the last man standing after the teams in front of them lose.

San Diego State‘s game with UNLV won’t help them. Their only hope, really, is that all the teams above them have tough games. It’s entirely possible that the 5 or 6 teams in front of them all lose and they benefit from that. I’m not sure even that will be enough though. Maybe if they also beat New Mexico or Boise State in the MWC Tournament.

South Florida needs to win the American Tourney. I don’t see them making it as an at-large.

Seton Hall, Virginia Tech, and Oklahoma are longshots, but they do have tough Quad 1 games left, and the teams in front of them could all lose. So if you squint, you can kind of see it. Most likely they have to win and get another similar quality win in their conference tourney to have a shot.

Other Teams

Cal, USC, Stanford, West Virginia, Tulsa… not going to happen.

Miami Ohio is an interesting case. Will they make it as an at-large if they don’t win the MAC Tournament? I don’t think anybody knows for sure. There is no precedent for an unbeaten team who hasn’t played anybody. It will be up to the committee to make a tough decision. The consensus seems to be that they will put the Red Hawks in. I wouldn’t bet on it.

Bracketology 3/4 Update

Summarizing results and changes from Monday & Tuesday games:

  • Duke beat NC State 93-64 and remained a 1 seed
  • Arizona beat Iowa State 73-57 and remained a 1 seed
  • Florida beat Mississippi State 108-74 and remained a 2 seed
  • Illinois beat Oregon 80-54 and remained a 2 seed
  • Iowa State lost to Arizona 73-57 and remained a 3 seed
  • Nebraska lost to UCLA 72-52 and remained a 3 seed
  • Virginia beat Wake Forest 75-70 and remained a 4 seed
  • Kansas lost to Arizona State 70-60 and remained a 4 seed
  • Texas Tech lost to TCU 73-65 and remained a 4 seed
  • Alabama lost to Georgia 98-88 and remained a 4 seed
  • Vanderbilt beat Ole Miss 89-86 and remained a 5 seed
  • Tennessee beat South Carolina 78-59 and remained a 5 seed
  • St. John’s beat Georgetown 72-69 and remained a 5 seed
  • UNC beat Clemson 67-63 and remained a 5 seed
  • Louisville beat Syracuse 77-62 and remained a 6 seed
  • Utah State lost to UNLV 92-65 and dropped from a 6 seed to an 8 seed
  • BYU lost to Cincinnati 90-68 and remained a 7 seed
  • Kentucky lost to Texas A&M 96-85 and remained a 7 seed
  • Clemson lost to UNC 67-63 and remained an 8 seed
  • Georgia beat Alabama 98-88 and jumped from a 9 seed to a 7 seed
  • NC State lost to Duke 93-64 and dropped from a 9 seed to a 10 seed
  • Texas A&M beat Kentucky 96-85 and remained a 9 seed
  • Central Florida lost to Oklahoma State 111-104 and remained a 10 seed
  • Missouri lost to Oklahoma 80-64 and dropped to an 11 seed
  • UCLA beat Nebraska 72-52 and jumped from a 10 seed to an 8 seed
  • Auburn beat LSU 88-74 and remained an 11 seed
  • TCU beat Texas Tech 73-65 and jumped from an 11 seed to a 10 seed
  • San Diego State lost to Boise State 86-77 and dropped from the 2nd team out to the 4th team out
  • VCU beat George Mason 70-65 and remains the 3rd team out
  • Cincinnati beat BYU 90-68 and jumped from the 4th team out to the first team out
  • West Virginia lost to Kansas State 65-63 and dropped from the 6th team out to the 13th team out
  • Seton Hall beat Xavier 77-68 and jumped from the 7th team out to the 5th
  • Oklahoma beat Missouri 80-64 and is now the 7th team out
  • Boise State beat San Diego State 86-77 and is now the 8th team out

Full Bracket:

  1. Duke, Arizona, Michigan, UConn
  2. Florida, Houston, Michigan State, Illinois
  3. Purdue, Iowa State, Gonzaga, Nebraska
  4. Virginia, Kansas, Texas Tech, Alabama
  5. Vanderbilt, Tennessee, St. John’s, UNC
  6. Arkansas, Louisville, Wisconsin, St. Mary’s
  7. St. Louis, BYU, Kentucky, Georgia
  8. Clemson, Iowa, UCLA, Utah State
  9. Miami FL, Villanova, Texas A&M, Texas
  10. NC State, Central Florida, Missouri, TCU
  11. SMU, Ohio State, Santa Clara, New Mexico, Auburn, South Florida
  12. Belmont, Miami OH, McNeese State, High Point
  13. Yale, Liberty, Utah Valley, UNCW
  14. UC Irvine, St. Thomas, Navy, Troy
  15. Wright State, Austin Peay, Northern Colorado, East Tennessee State
  16. Merrimack, UMBC, LIU, Howard, Tennessee State, Bethune Cookman

Last Four Byes: Central Florida, Missouri, TCU, SMU

Last Four In: Ohio State, Santa Clara, New Mexico, Auburn

First Four Out: Cincinnati, Indiana, VCU, San Diego State

Next Four Out: Seton Hall, Virginia Tech, Oklahoma, Boise State

Bracketology 2026

Time to dust off the bracketology spreadsheets. I took last year off but I am back and ready for another run. Let’s get right to it.

Through games of Sunday, March 1. Automatic bids in bold:

  1. Duke, Michigan, Arizona, UConn
  2. Florida, Houston, Illinois, Michigan State
  3. Iowa State, Nebraska, Purdue, Gonzaga
  4. Alabama, Virginia, Kansas, Texas Tech
  5. Vanderbilt, Tennessee, St. John’s, UNC
  6. Arkansas, Louisville, Wisconsin, Utah State
  7. St. Mary’s, St. Louis, BYU, Kentucky
  8. Clemson, Iowa, Miami FL, Villanova
  9. Georgia, NC State, Texas, Texas A&M
  10. Central Florida, Missouri, UCLA, SMU
  11. Ohio State, Santa Clara, New Mexico, Auburn, TCU, South Florida
  12. Belmont, Miami OH, McNeese State, High Point
  13. Yale, Liberty, Utah Valley, UNCW
  14. UC Irvine, St. Thomas, Navy, Troy
  15. Wright State, Austin Peay, East Tennessee State, Montana State
  16. Merrimack, UMBC, LIU, Howard, Tennessee State, Bethune Cookman

Last Four Byes: Missouri, UCLA, SMU, Ohio State

Last Four In: Santa Clara, New Mexico, Auburn, TCU

First Four Out: Indiana, San Diego State, VCU, Cincinnati

Next Four Out: Virginia Tech, West Virginia, Seton Hall, Tulsa

League By League

ACC

Locks (7): Duke, Virginia, UNC, Louisville, Clemson, Miami, NC State. I’m calling the Wolfpack a lock, but if they lose their last two games, things will get uncomfortable.

In for Now (1): SMU. The Mustangs need to win at least one of their two remaining games against Miami and FSU. Winning both would probably move them to a lock.

Work to Do (1): Virginia Tech. The Hokies need to beat Virginia in the last game of the season to give themselves a fighting chance at an at-large bid.

Big 10

Locks (7): Michigan, Illinois, Michigan State, Nebraska, Purdue, Wisconsin, Iowa

In for Now (1): UCLA. I think the Bruins will get in if they beat either Nebraska or USC. If they lose both, they’re in trouble.

Work to Do (3): Ohio State, Indiana, USC. Ohio State and Indiana play each other in the last game of the season. That could be an elimination game. USC is definitely out right now. They have to win their last two games and probably make some noise in the Big 10 Tourney.

Big 12

Locks (6): Arizona, Houston, Iowa State, Kansas, Texas Tech, BYU

In for Now (1): UCF. The Knights should be OK as long as they don’t lose on Tuesday to Oklahoma State.

Work to Do (4): TCU, Cincinnati, West Virginia, Baylor. TCU is really close to the cut line right now. A win at Texas Tech would certainly do it; otherwise they probably have to beat Cincinnati in their last game. The Bearcats have BYU and TCU and probably need a sweep, although even a split would keep them interesting. West Virginia is on the outside looking in right now and must win their last two and make some noise in the Big 12 Tourney. As for Baylor – win at Houston on Wednesday and we’ll talk.

Big East

Locks (3): UConn, St. John’s, Villanova

Work to Do (1): Seton Hall. The Pirates have a tricky Quad 2 game at Xavier, then close with a home tilt against St. John’s. They need to win both.

SEC

Locks (7): Florida, Alabama, Vanderbilt, Tennessee, Arkansas, Kentucky, Georgia

In for Now (2): Texas, Texas A&M. Each needs to win one of their last two to feel secure.

Work to Do (2): Missouri, Auburn. Missouri has two Quad 1 games left at Oklahoma and vs. Arkansas. Two wins and they’re in, one win and they’ll be sweating it, two losses and they’re in trouble. Auburn has been taking on serious water. The LSU game on Tuesday is a must win, and they’ll need more than that to feel secure on Selection Sunday.

West Coast

Locks (2): Gonzaga, St. Mary’s

Work to Do (1): Santa Clara. Herb Sendek’s crew has finished their regular season. They need to beat St. Mary’s in the WCC Tournament to feel secure; otherwise they’ll be sweating on Selection Sunday.

Mountain West

Locks (1): Utah State

Work to Do (2): New Mexico, San Diego State. Both of these teams are very close to the cut line. The Lobos have an opportunity to cement a birth with their finale at Utah State. The Aztecs need a win at Boise on Tuesday to have a chance.

Atlantic 10

Locks (1): St. Louis

Work to Do (1): VCU. If the Rams win their last two regular season games, they will be very close to the cut line. It might be enough.

All other leagues are one-bid leagues.

ACC Home Court Advantage

I’ve been meaning to do a study on which ACC arena gives the biggest home court advantage. And I finally got around to it. Before I reveal any data – what is your guess?

It’s not obvious how to measure home court advantage. Kenpom has a way of doing it, but I decided to create my own, based on the data available to me. It’s pretty simple. For each team/arena, I calculated the difference between the team’s home winning percentage and their road winning percentage in regular season conference games only. I looked at conference games only to eliminate any noise that might be introduced by differences in non-conference strength of schedule.

For instance, let’s take Pitt. Since they’ve been a member of the ACC, through 2023, they’ve won 46.2% of their ACC games at Petersen Events Center and 26.4% on the road. So that’s a home court advantage of 19.8%.

I did this same calculation for each team/home arena, leaving out small sample sizes such as Wake Forest playing the occasional home game at Greensboro Coliseum or Georgia Tech playing at the Omni.

Here are the results, ordered from biggest home court advantage to smallest. If you guessed Littlejohn, you’re right:

TeamArenaYearsHomeRoadHome Adv
ClemsonLittlejohn Coliseum1969-present58.5%22.9%35.6%
MarylandComcast/
Xfinity
2003-201468.4%34.7%33.7%
Wake ForestLawrence Joel 1990-present61.1%28.2%32.9%
VirginiaUniversity Hall1966-200661.4%29.0%32.4%
Georgia TechMcCamish/Alexander1981-present55.3%26.1%29.2%
ClemsonClemson Field House1954-196845.6%18.3%27.3%
VirginiaMemorial Gym1954-196538.7%11.5%27.2%
Florida StateTucker/ Leon Co.all62.3%35.3%27.0%
Wake ForestWinston-Salem Memorial 1957-198955.7%30.0%25.7%
MarylandCole Field House1954-200263.3%37.7%25.6%
Virginia TechCassell Coliseumall57.3%31.9%25.4%
DukeCameron Indoor all79.3%54.7%24.6%
Miami (FL)BankUnited/Watscoall61.1%36.7%24.4%
NC StateReynolds Coliseum1954-199961.9%37.5%24.4%
North CarolinaCarmichael 1966-198687.6%63.7%23.9%
Notre DameJoyce Centerall59.8%36.2%23.6%
LouisvilleKFC Yum Centerall64.2%41.5%22.7%
South CarolinaCarolina Fieldhouse1954-196843.7%21.1%22.6%
VirginiaJPJ Arena2007-present76.5%54.7%21.8%
Boston CollegeConte Forumall44.9%23.2%21.7%
North CarolinaSmith Center1986-present78.1%57.6%20.5%
PittsburghPetersen all46.2%26.4%19.8%
North CarolinaWoollen Gym1954-196578.9%59.2%19.7%
SyracuseCarrier Dome/JMA all63.0%43.5%19.5%
NC StatePNC/RBC2000-present54.6%35.4%19.2%
Wake ForestGore Gym1954-195675.0%59.1%15.9%
South CarolinaCarolina Coliseum1969-197092.3%84.6%7.7%

NC State fans won’t be surprised to learn that PNC has the smallest advantage of any arena, excepting Gore Gym and Carolina Coliseum which have only a few years of data.

I think the biggest surprise to me is the size of the home court advantage overall. Would you have guessed that Clemson has won a higher percentage of their home games at Littlejohn than Carolina has won of their road games since the Dean Dome opened in 1986? I would not have.

Another way to say that is that on average, you’d have a better chance against Carolina at home than against Clemson at Littlejohn. Obviously that varies wildly from year to year, but as a general result, I find that surprising.

The other number that pops is Carolina’s 87.6% winning percentage at Carmichael.

The Greatness of Mariano, Part 3

What was Mariano Rivera’s best season?

Was it 1996, when he came out of nowhere to be the bullpen workhorse for the World Series champion Yankees, throwing 107 innings, giving up 73 hits, striking out 130, finishing third in Cy Young voting as a middle reliever, giving up one run in 14.1 innings in the postseason, and prompting Twins’ manager Tom Kelly to say “We don’t need to face him anymore… He needs to pitch in a higher league, if there is one. Ban him from baseball. He should be illegal.”

Or maybe it was 1999, when he led the league in saves, held opponents to a .176 average and a .476 OPS, didn’t give up a run in 12.1 postseason innings, finished third again in Cy Young voting, and was named World Series MVP?

Or maybe it was 2004, when he racked up 53 saves in 57 opportunities, finished third again in Cy Young voting, and ninth in the MVP vote?

No, it has to be 2005, when he came in with a career-best 1.38 ERA, gave up 9 extra-base hits in 283 at bats, allowed only 2 of 18 inherited runners to score, and finished second in Cy Young and ninth again in MVP voting.

How about 2008 when he notched a 1.40 ERA, gave up a ridiculous 41 hits and 6 walks against 77 strikeouts in 70.2 innings, held opponents to a .190 on-base percentage, and blew only one save all year?

Wait – how about 2009, when he saved 44 in 46 opportunities and gave up one run in 16 postseason innings to lead the Yankees to another World Series championship?

Is there any other player in baseball history – not just a relief pitcher, but any player at all – whose best season is so difficult to pick out?

Observations About Aaron Judge

I don’t usually write about what’s happening right now in MLB. Honestly, I don’t have the time to write fast enough to keep up. But I’m going to make an exception here because I’ve been thinking about Aaron Judge, why he’s been so bad in the postseason, and what it will take for him to get better.

Aaron Judge is a unique hitter. I know we all know that, but I’m not sure we recognize the extent to which he is unique. His uniqueness is his strength, but it is also his vulnerability. Let me try to summarize what I am getting at.

  1. Aaron Judge is, by far, the greatest hitter of all time when not striking out.
  2. This is because, when he puts the ball in play, he hits it very hard more consistently than anyone else in history.
  3. He is able to do this for three reasons. One, his immense size and strength; two, his picture-perfect swing; three, and most germane to this discussion, his refusal to compromise the integrity of his swing in any situation.
  4. As a result of his refusal to compromise his swing, he is particularly helpless when swinging at pitches outside the strike zone.

Now I will elaborate on each of these points.

Point 1

This is actually quite easy to establish. I pulled the stats of the eight guys with the highest Adjusted OPS+ in MLB history and calculated their slash lines (Avg/OBP/Slugging) when not striking out. Here they are:

  • Ruth: .406/.535/.819
  • Williams: .379/.519/.698
  • Bonds: .353/.506/.719
  • Gehrig: .377/.482/.702
  • Hornsby: .391/.456/.629
  • Judge: .436/.563/.915
  • Trout: .409/.528/.795
  • Mantle: .378/.507./.706

That’s clear, isn’t it? His Career OPS when not striking out is 1.478. Judge is the best. It’s not even close.

Point 2

I can’t establish this with certainty because obviously we don’t have batted ball data for older players. But Judge certainly rules this category among modern players. To be clear, I’m talking about his average batted ball, not the maximum; there are a few others such as Ohtani, Oneil Cruz, and Stanton whose max exit velocity is higher than Judge’s.

There are a number of advanced statistics that attempt to measure how hard a player is hitting the ball. The best known is exit velocity. Judge has led the league in average exit velocity four straight seasons.

Another advanced statistic is “barrels”. I will admit that I’m not entirely clear on what constitutes a barrel, but whatever it is, Aaron Judge is a helluva lot better at it than anyone else. Here are the leaders for the last three seasons in barrels per batted ball (i.e. per ball put in play, anything other than a strikeout):

2022:

  1. Judge, 26.5%
  2. Alvarez, 21.0%
  3. Schwarber, 20.1%
  4. Trout, 19.7%
  5. Stanton, 19.3%

2023:

  1. Judge, 27.5%
  2. Ohtani, 19.6%
  3. Alvarez, 18%
  4. JD Martinez, 17.1%
  5. Matt Chapman, 17.1%

2024:

  1. Judge, 26.9%
  2. Ohtani, 21.5%
  3. Stanton, 20.7%
  4. Soto, 19.7%
  5. Michael Toglia, 17.3%

Aaron Judge hits the ball harder, more consistently, than anyone else. And that’s why he’s the greatest hitter that ever lived when not striking out.

Why is Judge able to hit the ball so hard, when he does hit it? This is more subjective, but watching him so much over the years, I think it comes down to his physique and his swing.

Points 3 and 4

Obviously the man is immensely strong. He’s probably one of the strongest players ever to play the game. His height, while it does give him a big strike zone, also enables him to cover the plate. He can easily barrel a ball on the outside corner and hit it out to right.

In turn, he has adopted a hitting style uniquely suited to take advantage of his size and strength. He knows he does not need to pull the ball; he just needs to barrel it. This allows him to simplify his approach immensely. He does not need to look for a pitch in a particular location; he can go with it. Pitches at the edge of the zone that other hitters can’t barrel, he can. And if the gets the barrel to it, he wins.

But as important as his physique is, his swing is more important. We’ve all seen it in slow-motion a hundred times now – smooth, fluid, balanced, on plane, and yet incredibly powerful. And he repeats it every single time. He doesn’t choke up with two strikes; he doesn’t try to just put it in play; he’s not hitting behind the runner, or trying to hit a sac fly, or any of that. He has one swing, it’s his “A” swing, and he never, ever changes it based on the situation.

It’s this invariability of his swing that I want to focus on. My theory is that it’s this invariability that has enabled him to refine and perfect his swing so masterfully, almost like a golfer. Combined with his size and strength, it enables him to get the barrel to the ball more than anyone else when the ball is in his hitting zone – which includes most of the strike zone.

But there’s a trade off, and we’ve already alluded to it. He doesn’t foul off pitches off the plate with two strikes, because you have to change your swing to do that. He either takes them or strikes out. He hits very few bloopers, or weak grounders, or pop-ups, because most soft contact is the result of a defensive swing, and Aaron Judge doesn’t do defensive swings. He’s also a terrible bad ball hitter. Remember the home run Stanton hit in Game 1 off Jack Flaherty, where he went down and golfed that breaking ball? Judge, with all due respect, could never do that.

So this picture-perfect, repeatable, almost robotic (in a good way) swing makes him the greatest hitter that ever lived on balls in the zone; but it makes him absolutely incapable of hitting, or even spoiling, balls outside the zone. If he gets a hit with two strikes, it’s because the pitcher missed his location. The kind of epic at bat that Soto had in ALCS Game 5, fouling off a bunch of tough pitches until he got one he could handle, is inconceivable for Judge.

What it really comes down to is this: he can’t chase. If he chases, he’s toast. Where he’s gotten better over the years is reducing his chase rate. His 2024 chase rate was 18.7%, the lowest of his career and almost ten percent lower than the MLB average of 28.5%. And, supporting what I’ve been saying, when he does chase, he makes contact only 42.7% of the time, 15% lower than the MLB average.

The thing is, in spite of all the walks he draws, he is fundamentally and temperamentally an aggressive hitter. He goes up there looking to do damage, not to get on base. In the regular season, he’s gotten very good at controlling and channeling that aggression by laying off tough pitches. In the postseason, probably because of the immense pressure that is on him, he has been unable to do that, and pitchers are using his aggressiveness against him. Somehow he has to get back to normal, let the game come to him, let those pitches go, and get into hitters’ counts. If he can do that, I am confident the real Aaron Judge will emerge.

As frustrating as it is to see him refuse to change his swing with two strikes and strike out, the repeatability of his swing is what makes him Aaron Judge. He just has to swing at pitches he can reach. If he does not get himself out by chasing, he’s the best hitter that ever lived. If I were him – and what do I know – I would resolve in the next couple games not to swing at a breaking ball until he has two strikes. They have no intention of throwing him a breaking ball in the zone. If that means you take the occasional mistake hanger, so be it.

The Greatness of Mariano, Part 2

We all know that Mariano was great in the postseason. But how great was he, exactly?

The numbers tell the tale:

GW-LIPHERBBKERASaves
968-11418611211100.7042
Mariano Rivera, postseason career

I think we’ve all heard about his postseason greatness so much that we’ve become desensitized to how amazing that stat line actually is… an ERA of 0.70 over a span of 141 innings in 96 games, in the highest leverage situations imaginable? Oh, and I forgot to mention – two home runs allowed in those 141 innings. The same number of postseason home runs allowed by Emmanuel Clase, the greatest closer in baseball right now, in one-third of an inning last night. Rivera, in those 96 postseason appearances, gave up more than one earned run exactly once. Clase has done it twice in the past two weeks.

There are so many ways to look at how great this is. One that I decided to investigate is: has any reliever in MLB history ever had a span of 96 games – not postseason games, but any games – with a better ERA than that? And the answer is yes – but only one. Can you guess who it is? I wouldn’t have.

I know the suspense is killing you, so I’ll tell you. Wade Davis of the 2014-2015 Royals had a span of 96 regular season games from late April 2014 through early July 2015 in which his stats were:

GW-LIPHERBBKERASaves
9612-296.2485281200.4712
Wade Davis, April 2014 – July 2015

The crazy thing is that for most of that period, Davis wasn’t the Royals’ closer. Greg Holland was. The 2014 Royals may have had the greatest bullpen in MLB history with Holland, Davis, and Kelvin Herrera. And Davis’ postseason performance in 2014 and 2015 is right up there with Rivera’s. He gave up one run in 25 innings. Considered as a span, Davis 2014-2015 is arguably the greatest two-season relief pitching span in MLB history. Of course there is no comparison in terms of leverage – Davis’ span was mostly compiled in the regular season, and he wasn’t even the closer. But he was darn good.

So there you have it. Mariano’s postseason career, if considered as a span of games, represents the second-greatest 96-game span that any reliever has ever had.